Table 1 Information in patient profile

History

• Activity and employment status

• Description of LBP

• Response to previous treatment

• Co-morbidities and medications

Examination

• Vitals (height, weight, blood pressure)

• Orthopedic exam (Lasegue, Patrick Fabre, Kemp, Gaenslen, Femoral Nerve Stretch)

• Neurologic exam (motor, sensory, reflex evaluation)

• Soft tissue evaluation

Imaging

• X-ray results (obtained if clinically warranted)

• DEXA results (obtained if clinically warranted)

Biomechanical Assessment

• Torso strength (flexion, extension)

• Torso endurance (flexion, extension, lateral bridge)

• Lumbar range of motion (flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation)

Psychosocial Assessment

• Disability (modified Roland Morris)[32, 33]

• General health status (EuroQol) [34, 35]

• Fear avoidance (Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire)[36]

• Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia)[37]

• Coping style (Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory)[38, 39]

• Pain self-efficacy (PSEQ)[40]

• Depression (CES-D)[41, 42]

Preferences

• Which modalities were preferred

• Expectations for improvement with each modality (5 point scale)