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Table 5 Characteristics associated with inpatient (Box-Cox transformed) medical expenditures, multilevel analyses: Public insurance (NHI) beneficiaries versus public aid (AID) beneficiaries (N = 160,465).

From: Psychiatric inpatient expenditures and public health insurance programmes: analysis of a national database covering the entire South Korean population

 

NHI beneficiary

AID beneficiary

 

(n = 92,959)

(n = 67,506)

Characteristics

Rate of change (%)

p-value

Rate of change (%)

p-value

Gender

    

   Female (referent)

    

   Male

12.29

0.000

9.76

0.000

Age (years)

    

   <20 (referent)

    

   20-29

8.59

0.000

24.05

0.000

   30-39

6.92

0.001

30.19

0.000

   40-49

1.69

0.416

34.99

0.000

   50-64

10.03

0.000

39.72

0.000

   ≥ 65

9.23

0.000

25.65

0.000

Principal sub-diagnosis

    

   F4 (referent)

    

   F0

75.69

0.000

44.84

0.000

   F1

55.25

0.000

32.37

0.000

   F2

120.10

0.000

82.77

0.000

   F3

61.58

0.000

23.16

0.000

   F5

21.39

0.000

-0.16

0.990

   F6

59.80

0.000

31.10

0.000

   F7

75.12

0.000

66.51

0.000

   F8-9

37.30

0.000

45.55

0.000

Type

    

   General hospital (referent)

    

   Clinic

60.00

0.000

-3.73

0.774

   Hospital

52.00

0.000

6.78

0.471

   Tertiary care hospital

27.00

0.006

-7.63

0.557

   Long-term care hospital

60.00

0.000

19.54

0.310

   Psychiatric clinic

46.00

0.000

9.36

0.431

   Psychiatric hospital

74.00

0.000

42.10

0.000

Ownership

    

Government (referent)

    

Private group

-1.80

0.825

32.19

0.000

Private person

-10.70

0.236

17.75

0.039

Location

    

Metropolis (referent)

    

Small/medium city

-1.78

0.686

3.92

0.369

Rural area

7.52

0.324

-2.30

0.741

Number of beds

    

<260 (referent)

    

260-399

4.09

0.540

11.44

0.067

400-626

10.47

0.164

11.02

0.128

≥ 627

4.83

0.534

1.96

0.824

Human resources: Score 1

0.03

0.216

-0.09

0.006

Pro of male patients

0.64

0.000

0.43

0.016

Pro of patients ≥ 65-year-old

0.24

0.106

0.09

0.593

Pro of patients diagnosed into F0 or F2

0.60

0.000

0.26

0.068

Pro of patients receiving AID

-0.05

0.649

0.42

0.002

  1. Note: The estimated coefficients were converted to the corresponding rate of change evaluated at the median of medical expenditures among inpatients enrolled in each public health insurance programme; Score 1 = 0.54 × Number of physicians per 100 beds + 0.55 × Number of nurses per 100 beds + 0.33 × Number of nursing assistants per 100 beds + 0.55 × Number of other healthcare and social service professionals per 100 beds; pro denotes proportion.