Table 3 Effect of safety net activities on operating expenditure
From: The relationship between safety net activities and hospital financial performance
| Â | Continuous safety net measures | Binary safety net measures | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | (1) OLS | (2) Fe | (3) Fe-Binary |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1990 | -0.239 [0.074]** | -0.090 [0.053] | Â |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1991 | -0.245 [0.073]** | -0.115 [0.046]* | -0.007 [0.011] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1992 | -0.225 [0.077]** | -0.077 [0.042] | -0.008 [0.013] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1993 | -0.162 [0.076]* | -0.031 [0.038] | 0.003 [0.014] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1994 | -0.170 [0.077]* | -0.028 [0.037] | -0.003 [0.017] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1995 | -0.043 [0.076] | -0.013 [0.038] | 0.001 [0.019] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1996 | 0.139 [0.080] | 0.035 [0.041] | 0.011 [0.021] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1997 | 0.161 [0.078]* | 0.026 [0.043] | 0.010 [0.024] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1998 | 0.230 [0.075]** | 0.062 [0.047] | 0.011 [0.025] |
Log Medicaid intensity * 1999 | 0.231 [0.070]** | 0.013 [0.048] | 0.006 [0.026] |
SES index *1990 | -0.008 [0.007] | -0.086 [0.014]** | Â |
SES index *1991 | -0.011 [0.007] | -0.087 [0.013]** | -0.005 [0.012] |
SES index *1992 | -0.005 [0.007] | -0.084 [0.013]** | 0.015 [0.015] |
SES index *1993 | -0.012 [0.007] | -0.086 [0.013]** | 0.008 [0.016] |
SES index *1994 | -0.012 [0.007] | -0.086 [0.013]** | 0.026 [0.020] |
SES index *1995 | -0.017 [0.007]* | -0.086 [0.013]** | 0.036 [0.023] |
SES index *1996 | -0.024 [0.007]** | -0.090 [0.013]** | 0.033 [0.024] |
SES index *1997 | -0.028 [0.007]** | -0.094 [0.014]** | 0.026 [0.026] |
SES index *1998 | -0.028 [0.007]** | -0.099 [0.014]** | 0.029 [0.026] |
SES index *1999 | -0.033 [0.007]** | -0.102 [0.014]** | 0.019 [0.027] |
log(case mix index) | 2.953 [0.471]** | 0.054 [0.329] | 0.156 [0.331] |
log(discharges) | 0.163 [0.137] | 0.436 [0.128]** | 0.453 [0.132]** |
Log(visits) | 0.271 [0.106]* | 0.003 [0.053] | 0.002 [0.054] |
Log(discharges) squared | 0.068 [0.010]** | 0.028 [0.008]** | 0.031 [0.008]** |
Log(visits) squared | 0.012 [0.007] | 0.020 [0.003]** | 0.022 [0.003]** |
Log(case mix)*log(discharged) | -0.216 [0.051]** | 0.024 [0.037] | 0.014 [0.037] |
Log(visits)*log(discharges) | -0.047 [0.014]** | -0.044 [0.007]** | -0.050 [0.008]** |
Log(Medicare wage index) | 0.371 [0.393] | 0.216 [0.374] | 0.267 [0.382] |
Log(Medicare wage index)squared | 0.106 [0.135] | -0.117 [0.091] | -0.109 [0.091] |
Log(visits)*log(Medicare wage index) | 0.132 [0.042]** | -0.031 [0.025] | -0.045 [0.026] |
Log(discharges)*log(Medicare wage index) | -0.169 [0.049]** | 0.015 [0.042] | 0.027 [0.042] |
Log(intern-to-bed ratio) | 0.915 [0.049]** | 0.174 [0.086]* | 0.151 [0.086] |
Not-for-profit | -0.005 [0.011] | Â | Â |
For-profit | -0.022 [0.014] | Â | Â |
1991 dummy | 0.123 [0.022]** | 0.137 [0.014]** | 0.128 [0.011]** |
1992 dummy | 0.227 [0.028]** | 0.249 [0.017]** | 0.258 [0.014]** |
1993 dummy | 0.302 [0.033]** | 0.328 [0.020]** | 0.354 [0.017]** |
1994 dummy | 0.395 [0.035]** | 0.396 [0.024]** | 0.429 [0.020]** |
1995 dummy | 0.354 [0.038]** | 0.434 [0.027]** | 0.475 [0.022]** |
1996 dummy | 0.343 [0.041]** | 0.480 [0.029]** | 0.537 [0.024]** |
1997 dummy | 0.357 [0.043]** | 0.544 [0.030]** | 0.601 [0.026]** |
1998 dummy | 0.390 [0.045]** | 0.596 [0.033]** | 0.669 [0.028]** |
1999 dummy | 0.445 [0.045]** | 0.696 [0.033]** | 0.757 [0.029]** |
Log percent Medicare*1990 | 0.104 [0.059] | 0.367 [0.066]** | 0.398 [0.066]** |
Log percent Medicare*1991 | 0.059 [0.061] | 0.306 [0.063]** | 0.357 [0.063]** |
Log percent Medicare*1992 | 0.054 [0.062] | 0.280 [0.058]** | 0.310 [0.059]** |
Log percent Medicare*1993 | 0.034 [0.066] | 0.261 [0.055]** | 0.274 [0.056]** |
Log percent Medicare*1994 | -0.011 [0.063] | 0.248 [0.054]** | 0.260 [0.055]** |
Log percent Medicare*1995 | 0.117 [0.063] | 0.258 [0.053]** | 0.269 [0.055]** |
Log percent Medicare*1996 | 0.217 [0.068]** | 0.290 [0.054]** | 0.287 [0.055]** |
Log percent Medicare*1997 | 0.275 [0.069]** | 0.285 [0.055]** | 0.290 [0.056]** |
Log percent Medicare*1998 | 0.253 [0.070]** | 0.270 [0.058]** | 0.266 [0.060]** |
Log percent Medicare*1999 | 0.186 [0.071]** | 0.154 [0.060]** | 0.175 [0.062]** |
Log(System HHI)*1990 | -0.135 [0.013]** | -0.135 [0.020]** | -0.172 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1991 | -0.125 [0.013]** | -0.128 [0.020]** | -0.161 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1992 | -0.100 [0.014]** | -0.109 [0.020]** | -0.138 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1993 | -0.078 [0.014]** | -0.094 [0.020]** | -0.120 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1994 | -0.048 [0.015]** | -0.074 [0.020]** | -0.094 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1995 | -0.045 [0.014]** | -0.065 [0.019]** | -0.082 [0.020]** |
Log(System HHI)*1996 | -0.041 [0.015]** | -0.058 [0.021]** | -0.071 [0.021]** |
Log(System HHI)*1997 | -0.030 [0.016] | -0.044 [0.021]* | -0.053 [0.022]* |
Log(System HHI)*1998 | -0.000 [0.016] | -0.024 [0.022] | -0.027 [0.022] |
Log(System HHI)*1999 | 0.000 [0.017] | -0.023 [0.022] | -0.022 [0.022] |
Mean HMO penetration*1990 | 0.047 [0.037] | Â | Â |
Mean HMO penetration*1991 | -0.013 [0.037] | -0.037 [0.013]** | -0.035 [0.012]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1992 | -0.084 [0.036]* | -0.096 [0.018]** | -0.103 [0.016]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1993 | -0.113 [0.036]** | -0.125 [0.020]** | -0.136 [0.019]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1994 | -0.146 [0.037]** | -0.143 [0.025]** | -0.158 [0.023]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1995 | -0.166 [0.037]** | -0.154 [0.028]** | -0.174 [0.026]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1996 | -0.170 [0.036]** | -0.174 [0.031]** | -0.195 [0.030]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1997 | -0.150 [0.036]** | -0.178 [0.033]** | -0.199 [0.031]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1998 | -0.090 [0.038]* | -0.157 [0.035]** | -0.181 [0.034]** |
Mean HMO penetration*1999 | -0.086 [0.039]* | -0.199 [0.037]** | -0.220 [0.036]** |
Observations | 16680 | 16680 | 16680 |