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Table 1 Data description, by literacy level

From: Assessment of health literacy in a French emergency department

 

Literacy levela

 

Variable

N

Overall, N = 1891

1, N = 18

2, N = 71

3, N = 100

p-value

Age – years, Mean (SD)

188

60 (21)

74 (21)

63 (22)

55 (20)

<0.0012

 Unknown

 

1

0

1

0

 

Age – years (cat.), n (%)

188

    

0.0103

 [18,25]

 

13 (7)

0 (0)

5 (7)

8 (8)

 

 [26,35]

 

20 (11)

1 (6)

7 (10)

12 (12)

 

 [36,45]

 

19 (10)

2 (11)

5 (7)

12 (12)

 

 [46,55]

 

28 (15)

2 (11)

11 (16)

15 (15)

 

 [56,65]

 

23 (12)

0 (0)

5 (7)

18 (18)

 

 [66,75]

 

28 (15)

1 (6)

9 (13)

18 (18)

 

 [>75]

 

57 (30)

12 (67)

28 (40)

17 (17)

 

 Unknown

 

1

0

1

0

 

Sex, n (%)

189

    

0.464

 Female

 

95 (50)

10 (56)

39 (55)

46 (46)

 

 Male

 

94 (50)

8 (44)

32 (45)

54 (54)

 

Native country, n (%)

188

    

0.343

 France (metropolitan)

 

150 (80)

15 (83)

61 (86)

74 (75)

 

 Maghreb

 

18 (10)

1 (6)

3 (4)

14 (14)

 

 Sub-Saharan Africa

 

8 (4)

0 (0)

3 (4)

5 (5)

 

 Otherb

 

12 (6)

2 (11)

4 (6)

6 (6)

 

 Unknown

 

1

0

0

1

 

Native language, n (%)

188

    

0.473

 French

 

161 (86)

16 (89)

62 (89)

83 (83)

 

 Otherc

 

16 (8)

2 (11)

6 (9)

8 (8)

 

 Arab

 

11 (6)

0 (0)

2 (3)

9 (9)

 

 Unknown

 

1

0

1

0

 

Level of education, n (%)

189

    

0.243

 Less than middle school

 

30 (16)

4 (22)

15 (21)

11 (11)

 

 Middle school

 

37 (20)

6 (33)

13 (18)

18 (18)

 

 High school

 

53 (28)

5 (28)

22 (31)

26 (26)

 

 More than high school

 

69 (36)

3 (17)

21 (30)

45 (45)

 

Professional activity, n (%)

185

    

0.703

 Manual worker, artisan

 

106 (57)

13 (72)

39 (57)

54 (55)

 

 Office employees, intermediate profession

 

42 (23)

5 (28)

15 (22)

22 (22)

 

 Higher managerial and professional positions

 

25 (14)

0 (0)

10 (14)

15 (15)

 

 Student

 

7 (4)

0 (0)

2 (3)

5 (5)

 

 Without

 

5 (3)

0 (0)

3 (4)

2 (2)

 

 Unknown

 

4

0

2

2

 

Perceived health status, n (%)

189

    

0.0073

 Very bad

 

6 (3)

0 (0)

5 (7)

1 (1)

 

 Bad

 

60 (32)

8 (44)

27 (38)

25 (25)

 

 Good

 

92 (49)

8 (44)

35 (49)

49 (49)

 

 Very good

 

31 (16)

2 (11)

4 (6)

25 (25)

 

Living environment, n (%)

188

    

0.634

 Rural

 

61 (32)

5 (29)

26 (37)

30 (30)

 

 Urban

 

127 (68)

12 (71)

45 (63)

70 (70)

 

 Unknown

 

1

1

0

0

 

Isolated, n (%)

188

    

0.773

 No

 

165 (88)

15 (83)

62 (89)

88 (88)

 

 Yes

 

23 (12)

3 (17)

8 (11)

12 (12)

 

 Unknown

 

1

0

1

0

 

Internet access, n (%)

186

    

0.0033

 No

 

34 (18)

6 (33)

19 (28)

9 (9)

 

 Yes

 

152 (82)

12 (67)

50 (72)

90 (91)

 

 Unknown

 

3

0

2

1

 

Referred to the ED by a physician, n (%)

188

    

0.0704

 No

 

67 (36)

8 (44)

18 (25)

41 (41)

 

 Yes

 

121 (64)

10 (56)

53 (75)

58 (59)

 

 Unknown

 

1

0

0

1

 
  1. 1Mean (standard deviation, SD); n (%)
  2. 2Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test
  3. 3Fisher's Exact Test for Count Data with simulated p-value (based on 1000 replicates)
  4. 4Pearson's Chi-squared test
  5. a1 : Inadequate 2 : Problematic 3 : Adequate
  6. bItaly, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Martinique, and Mauritius
  7. cItalian, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Kikongo, Baoulé, Bettie