Fig. 1

Decision-analytic model. In the status quo scenario, there is no implementation of the A&F module targeting LVPs. In the intervention scenario, an A&F module targeting LVPs is implemented at baseline (at the beginning of the 1st year). “Use data from year 1” means that data on the effectiveness and costs of A&F module from the 1st year are available at the beginning of the second year and so on for the following years