Table 3 Multi-level logistic regression model with health facility level factors as the sole correlates of four or more antenatal care services use

General health service readiness

 Health facility management system

1.96 (1.10-3.16)^**

1.90 (1.14-3.01)^**

1.85 (1.16-2.82)^**

 Health facility infrastructure

2.12 (1.36-3.40)^**

1.86 (1.19-2.26)^***

1.59 (1.09-2.19)^**

Degree of availability of antenatal healthcare services at the nearest healthcare facility to mothers' homes

3.96 (2.46-5.68)^***

3.18 (2.18-5.19)^**

3.02 (2.01-4.19)^**

Readiness of the mothers’ homes nearest healthcare facility to provide antenatal healthcare services

4.16 (2.86-4.98)^**

3.16 (2.18-3.72)^***

2.36 (2.09-3.16)^**

Average distance between mothers' homes and the nearest healthcare facility

0.54 (0.40-0.82)^***

0.57 (0.43-0.78)^***

0.58 (0.42-0.74)^***

Women’s age in years

 ≤19 (ref)

1.00

1.00

 20-34

1.01( 0.83-1.24)

1.00 ( 0.82-1.22)

 ≥35

0.90 (0.55-1.39)

0.87 ( 0.54-1.40)

Women’ education status

 No formal education (Ref)

1.00

1.00

 Primary

1.66 (1.10-2.48)^**

1.74 ( 1.16-2.60)^**

 Secondary

2.25 (1.49-3.39)^**

2.32 (1.54-3.50)^**

 Higher

2.36 (1.48-3.76)^***

2.49 (1.56-3.98)^**

Women’ employment status

 No (ref)

1.00

1.00

 Yes

1.43 (1.19-1.72)^**

1.24 (1.03-1.50)^**

Pregnancy intention at conception

 Wanted (Ref)

1

 Mistimed

0.94 (0.74-1.19)

0.85 (0.67-1.08)

 Unwanted

0.72 (0.52-0.99)^***

0.66 (0.47-0.91)^**

Quality of Antenatal care

0.33 (0.30-0.37)^***

Husbands’ education status

 No education (ref)

1.00

1.00

 Primary

0.97 (0.72-1.31)

0.97 (0.72-1.31)

 Secondary

1.02 (0.74-1.39)

1.06 (0.78-1.45)

 Higher

1.61 (1.10-2.34)^***

1.53 (1.05-2.22)^**

Husbands’ occupation

 Agricultural worker (ref)

1.00

1.00

 Physical worker

3.04 (1.38-6.69)^**

2.98 (1.27-6.98)^**

 Services

3.02 (1.28-7.16)^**

2.90 (1.16-7.45)^**

 Business

3.25 (1.46-7.25)^**

3.17 (1.33-7.56)^**

 Other

2.76 (1.27-6.15)^**

2.15 (1.18-4.25)^***

Number of children ever born

 1-2 children(ref)

1

1

 >2 children

1.08 (0.85-1.35)

1.17 (0.93-1.47)

Intervals between the two most recent live births

 ≤2 years

1.00

1.00

 3-4 years

1.04 (0.72-1.50)

1.06 (0.73-1.54)

 >4 years

1.34 (0.94-1.91)

1.21 (0.85-1.73)

Household wealth status

 Poorest (ref)

1

1.00

 Poorer

0.99 (0.76 ,1.29)

1.03 (0.78-1.35)

 Middle

1.14 (0.89-1.46)

1.25 (0.97-1.62)

 Richest

1.87 (1.38-2.55)

2.06 (1.48-2.85)^**

 Richer

1.14 (0.88-1.48)

1.27 (0.97-1.66)

Place of residence

 Urban (ref)

1

 Rural

0.82 (0.67-1.00)

Region (administrative division)

 Barisal (ref)

1

 Chattogram

0.77 (0.54-1.08)

 Dhaka

1.21 (0.85-1.71)

 Khulna

1.77 (1.23-2.54)^***

 Mymensingh

1.48 (1.01-2.20)^**

 Rajshahi

1.49 (1.02-2.17)^**

 Rangpur

2.90 (1.98-4.25)^**

 Sylhet

1.02 (0.67-1.58)

Model summary

 AIC

1832.36

1623.42

1512.38

1428.12

 BIC

1642.12

1414.15

1335.47

1236.56

 ICC

16.21%

12.25%

9.46%

6.87%

 Median Odds Ratio

2.12

2.02

1.98

1.68

 Variance of the random intercept

2.02 (0.36)

1.96 (0.43)

1.46 (0.32)

1.26 (0.25)