Characteristics | The main three Thai health schemes | ||
---|---|---|---|
Universal Coverage Scheme | Civil Servant Medical Benefit Scheme | Social Health Insurance | |
Number of adult patients (persons) | 98,727 | 24,767 | 4844 |
Number of admissions (times) | 185,161 | 42,348 | 8930 |
Age (mean ± SD) | 66.55 ± 13.36 | 72.23 ± 11.46 | 46.99 ± 12.16 |
Sex (male/female) | 1/1.15 | 1/0.88 | 1/0.58 |
Region (%) | |||
 N/NE/C/S | 21.4/46.2/24.2/8.2 | 17.4/32.6/39.5/10.5 | 11.6/11.2/71.2/6.1 |
Hospital levels (%) | |||
 Community hospital | 49.95 | 27.24 | 1.84 |
 General hospital | 23.58 | 24.49 | 16.72 |
 Tertiary hospital | 22.92 | 48.14 | 35.61 |
 Private hospital | 3.55 | 0.13 | 45.83 |
Onetime admission/Multiple admission (%) | 62.6/37.4 | 64.8/35.2 | 60.0/40.0 |
CKD diagnosed as primary/secondary (%) | 24.4/75.6 | 19.9/80.1 | 35.1/64.9 |
Proportion of ESRD ((%) | 24.19 | 31.63 | 52.06 |
Common co-morbidities (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension | 56.91 | 67.90 | 63.79 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 45.08 | 49.09 | 36.50 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 17.19 | 25.05 | 20.05 |
 Ischemic heart disease | 13.49 | 21.68 | 11.91 |
 Heart failure | 14.28 | 13.95 | 12.70 |
 Gout | 10.49 | 13.17 | 6.44 |
 Sepsis | 12.78 | 14.71 | 10.90 |
 Pneumonia | 9.94 | 12.25 | 8.20 |
 Acute kidney injury | 8.59 | 10.26 | 7.23 |
 Diarrhea | 8.63 | 8.34 | 7.51 |
 Stroke | 6.51 | 11.41 | 5.66 |
 Respiratory failure | 8.53 | 7.85 | 4.81 |
Complications (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Anemia requiring blood transfusion | 31.86 | 23.24 | 31.32 |
 Hyperkalemia | 15.95 | 11.56 | 11.50 |
 Volume overload | 12.44 | 8.96 | 14.80 |
 Metabolic acidosis | 9.20 | 5.04 | 4.81 |
Dialysis treatment (% of admissions) | Â | Â | Â |
 Hemodialysis | 6.97 | 16.64 | 24.15 |
 Peritoneal dialysis | 2.98 | 1.86 | 2.15 |
Overall mortality rate (%) | 10.39 | 12.44 | 8.71 |
Mortality rate in different hospital levels (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Community/General/Tertiary/Private | 3.7/14.9/17.5/13.2 | 5.9/14.5/15.1/15.2 | 7.9/8.04/10.4/7.6 |