Authors (Year) Country [Reference] | Population | Interventions (No. patients) | Economic Perspective (Time Horizon) | Source for Costs data (year) | Source for Effects data | Type of Evaluation (Design/Model) [Threshold for Cost-Effectiveness] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Expectant management (active surveillance or watchful waiting) vs other treatments | ||||||
Koerber, et al. (2014) Germany [28] | Theoretical cohort Mean 65 Years LE > 15 years PSA ≤10 ng/ml Gleason: ≤6 Stage:≤T2a No severe comorbidities | AS RP (No. patients Not applicable) | Societal (Lifetime) | Published literature German DRG, physician’s fee, pharmaceutical prices catalogues (2011) Discount rate 3 % | Disease mortality from SCPG-4 data Baseline utilities: German survey with EQ-5D Health state specific utilities: published literature | Cost-utility analysis (Markov model) [€50,000 per QALY gained] |
Lyth, et al. (2012) Sweden [29] | Randomized trial SPCG-4 Age < 75 years LE > 10 years PSA < 50 ng/ml No other cancer | WW RP (n total = 695) | Payer (10 years) | Retrospectively collected in SPCG-4 trial patient records. (2007) Discount rate 3.5 % | Individual-patients data from SPCG-4 with a 77-item questionnaire | Cost-utility analysis (Semi-Markov model) [200,000 SEK per QALY gained] |
Andersson, et al. (2011), Sweden [30] | Randomized trial SPCG-4 Age < 75 years LE > 10 years PSA < 50 ng/ml | WW (n = 105) RP (n = 107) | Payer (12 years) | Medical records and price list at the University Hospital in Örebro (2007) | NA | Cost Comparison (Not modelling) [Not Applicable] |
Bauvin, et al. (2003) France [31] | Retrospective control-cohort study (patients diagnosed in 1995) | WW (n = 46) RP (n = 56) | Payer (5 years) | Delphi method (1995) Discount rate 3 % | Survival at 5 years from individual-patients data | Cost-effectiveness analysis (Not modelling) [Not Reported] |
Hummel, et al. (2003) UK [22] | Theoretical cohort Age: 65-year old | WW BT 3DCRT | Payer (Lifetime) | Literature review and NHS trusts (2002) Discount rate 6 % | Literature review for Utilities Authors assume equal disease-free survival effectiveness | Cost-utility (Markov model) [£20,000 and £30,000 per QALY gained] |
B. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) vs other surgical techniques | ||||||
Lord, et al. (2013) UK [32] | Theoretical cohort | RRP (n = 1000) PRP (n = 1000) LRP (n = 1000)) RALP (n = 1000) | Payer (Lifetime) | NHS data & Literature review. (2010–11) Discount Rate 3.5 % | Disease registries and recent UK systematic reviews and meta-analyses. | Cost-utility analysis (Individual-level Discrete event simulation) [£20,000 per QALY gained] |
Close, et al. (2013) UK [33] | Theoretical cohort Mean 61.5 years | RALP (n = 5000) LRP (n = 5000) | Payer (10 years) | UK NHS da Vincy Surgical System prices provided by the manufacturer. (2009) Discount rate: 3.5 % | Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness and expert advisory group | Cost-utility analysis (Discrete event simulation model) [£30,000 per QALY gained in base case £0 to £50,000 in Sensitivity Analysis] |
Barbaro, et al. (2012) Italy [34] | Observational prospective cohort study Treatment 2007–8 Mean 63.8 years | RRP (n = 99) RALP (n = 24) | Hospital (hospital stay) | Patient’s medical health record and operating room report. Hospital accounting office reimbursement fees. (2008) | Primary data from the study itself | Cost Comparison [Not Applicable] |
Hohwu, et al. (2011) Denmark [35] | Retrospective cohort Age: 50–69 years Treatment 2004-7 | RALP (n = 77) RRP (n = 154) | Societal (1 year) | Medical records, price list hospital and national registries. Absence from work using the human capital method. (2008) | Primary data from the study itself SF-6D from SF-36 questionnaire | Cost-utility analysis [Not Reported] |
C. Conventional external radiotherapy vs new modalities | ||||||
Hummel, et al. (2012) UK [36] | Theoretical cohort Age 70 years | IMRT 3DCRT (10000 patients for each model) | Payer (Lifetime) | St Bartholomew’s hospital Literature review, expert opinion. None primary data collected on resource use. (2008) Discount rate 3.5 % | Systematic literature review | Cost-utility analysis (Discrete event simulation model) [£20000 and £30000 per QALY gained] |
Lundkvist, et al. (2005) Sweden [37] | Theoretical cohort Age: 65-year | PT External Radiotherapy | Payer (Lifetime) | Published literature and assumptions (2002) Discount rate 3 % | Published literature | Cost-utility analysis (Markov model) [€55000 per QALY gained] |
Hummel, et al. (2003) UK [22] | Theoretical cohort Age: 65-year old | 2DRT BT 3DCRT | Payer (Lifetime) | Literature review and NHS trusts. (2002) Discount rate 6 % | Literature review for Utilities Authors assume equal disease-free survival effectiveness | Cost-utility (Markov model) [£20000 and £30000 per QALY gained] |
D. Prostatectomy vs radiation treatment | ||||||
Becerra, et al. (2011) Spain [38] | Observational prospective cohort Mean age: RP = 63.7 years BT = 67.6 years 3DCRT = 69 years | RP (n = 181) BT (n = 64) 3DCRT (n = 153) | Payer (6 months) | Micro costing from reference hospitals, patient charts, tariffs and previously published data. (2004–2005). Not discount rate | Equally effective | Cost minimization (Not modelling) [Not Applicable] |
Buron, et al. (2007) France [39] | Observational retrospective cohort 11hospitals PSA ≤20 ng/ml Gleason < 8. | RP (n = 127) BT (n = 308) | Societal (2 years) | French National Security fee schedule for DRG and outpatient. Production loss: French daily national average wage. (2001) | EORTC core QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-PR25. | Cost-effectiveness analysis (Not modelling) [Not Reported] |
Hummel, et al. (2003) UK [22] | Theoretical cohort Age: 65-year old | RP BT 3DCRT | Payer (Lifetime) | Literature review and NHS trusts. (2002) Discount rate 6 % | Literature review for Utilities Authors assume equal disease-free survival effectiveness | Cost-utility (Markov model) [£20000 and £30000 per QALY gained] |