Quantifying the relationship between increased disability and health care resource utilization, quality of life, work productivity, health care costs in patients with multiple sclerosis in the US

Table 3 Relationship between disability (EDSS) and relapse and health-related quality of life among patients with MS

Parameter, (95 % CI)	Disability (reference group EDSS <3; n = 201)		Relapsed (n = 148) (reference group no relapse; n = 155)	R², %
Parameter, (95 % CI)	EDSS 3–5 (n = 78)	EDSS >5 (n = 24)	Relapsed (n = 148) (reference group no relapse; n = 155)	R², %
MS is a major problem in life and causes upset ^a,b	1.6* (0.9–2.4)	3.1* (2.1–4.2)	1.0* (0.3–1.7)	26.79
EQ-5D^b,c
Health State	−0.09* (−0.13–-0.05)	−0.25* (−0.33–-0.18)	−0.05* (0.08–-0.01)	29.98
VAS	−11.1* (−14.8– -7.3)	−25.2* (−34.2– -16.2)	−2.9 (−5.9–-0.1)	31.93
HAQUAMS^b,d
Total score	0.5* (0.3–0.7)	1.1* (0.8–1.4)	0.2* (0.1–0.4)	39.95
Fatigue/thinking subscale	0.5* (0.2–0.7)	1.2* (0.8–1.6)	0.2 (−0.1–0.4)	27.51
Mobility/lower limb subscale	0.5* (0.3–0.7)	1.7* (1.3–2.1)	0.2* (0.1–0.4)	46.91
Mobility/upper limb subscale	0.5* (0.2–0.7)	1.3* (0.9–1.7)	0.3* (0.1–0.5)	36.45
Social function scale	0.3* (0.1–0.6)	0.4* (0.0–0.8)	0.2* (0.0–0.4)	11.99
Mood subscale	0.6* (0.4–0.9)	0.9* (0.6–1.3)	0.4* (0.2–0.6)	29.00

EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, HAQUAMS Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire Multiple Sclerosis, MS multiple sclerosis, VAS visual analog scale
*p < 0.05
^aOrdinal scale of 1 to 10 (1 completely disagree to 10 completely agree)
^bOrdinary least squares regression analysis to yield coefficients and 95 % CIs (covariates: patient age, sex and body mass index)
^cLower score indicates worse HRQoL
^dHigher score indicates worse HRQoL

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