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Table 2 Mean scores at 15-month follow-up for mean outcome variables and total costs (in euros) per patient per treatment group

From: Is exposure in vivo cost-effective for chronic low back pain? A trial-based economic evaluation

 

Mean (SD)

Mean difference (95 % CI)

 

GA (n = 31)

EXP (n = 31)

EXP versus GA

QBPDSb

40.42 (22.34)

38.19 (20.84)

−2.23 (-13.20 to 8.75)

Utility (SF36)b

0.68 (0.14)

0.66 (0.14)

−0.15 (-0.08 to 0.05)

QALYb

0.82 (0.12)

0.83 (0.13)

0.01 (-0.6 to 0.07)

Treatment costs

1,969.39 (0)

2,166.84 (0)

197.45

Health care costsa

1,841.72 (595.12)

1,011.67 (220.68)

−830 (-2,209 to 247)

P & F costsa

5,347.25 (1229.70)

5,012.60 (1302.51)

−335 (-3,708 to 3,320)

Productivity lossa

4,002.20 (1484.43)

2,502.57 (1055.98)

−1,500 (-4,987 to 1,907)

Total costs a

13,477.71 (2450.28)

10,843.50 (1747.89)

−2,643 (-8,535 to 3,058)

  1. GA graded activity, EXP gradual exposure, QBPDS Quebec Back Pain Disability Score, QALYs quality-adjusted life year, P & F costs patient and family costs
  2. aDifference in mean (95 % confidence interval) derived using bootstrapping (1,000 replications)
  3. bDifference in mean (95 % confidence interval) derived using independent samples T-test