From: Economic consequences of ill-health for households in northern rural India
Proportion of householdsª | Proportion of household health spendinga | Direct costsb | Indirect costsb | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medical fees | Medicines and laboratory | Transportation and food costs for patient and caregiver | Productivity losses for patient and caregiver | |||
Outpatient care for chronic diseases | 49% | 43.9% | ||||
Average proportion of total costs (%) | 12% | 74% | 9% | 5% | ||
Average spending (INR) | 118 | 1220 | 159 | 100 | ||
Average spending in (US$)c | (2.66) | (27.50) | (3.58) | (2.25) | ||
Standard deviation | 257 | 2825 | 630 | 435 | ||
Outpatient care for acute conditions | 58% | 42.7% | ||||
Average proportion of total costs (%) | 33% | 51% | 9% | 8% | ||
Average spending (INR) | 112 | 338 | 67 | 66 | ||
Average spending (in US$)c | (2.52) | (7.62) | (1.51) | 1.49) | ||
Standard deviation | 208 | 1404 | 275 | 237 | ||
Hospitalization | 15% | 8.8% | ||||
Average proportion of total costs (%) | 67% | 13% | 12% | 8% | ||
Average spending (INR) | 978 | 212 | 158 | 110 | ||
Average spending (in US$)c | (22.05) | (4.78) | (5.82) | (2.48) | ||
Standard deviation | 1208 | 559 | 320 | 229 | ||
Maternity care | 12% | 4.6% | ||||
Average proportion of total costs (%) | 15% | 2% | 61% | 23% | ||
Average spending (INR) | 56 | 2 | 96 | 42 | ||
Average spending (in US$)c | (1.26) | (0.05) | (2.16) | (0.95) | ||
Standard deviation | 198 | 9 | 179 | 137 |