Table 2 Utilization and costs outcomes occurring over the 2-year follow-up period for the entire sample and based on the timing and adherence of physical therapy
All patients (n = 753,450) | PT users (n = 122,723) | No PT Referral (n = 630,727) | Physical therapy timing (n = 122,723) | Physical therapy adherence (n = 71,559) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early (n = 72,641) | Delayed (n = 50,082) | Adherent (n = 30,917) | Non-Adherent (n = 40,642) | |||||
Utilization outcomes | ||||||||
Number of physical therapy visits (mean, sd) | 1.2 (5.6) | 7.1 (12.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 7.3 (12.9) | 6.8 (11.0) | 6.2 (7.6) | 15.0 (17.2) | |
Advanced imaging | 11.7% | 15.6% | 11.0% | 11.9% | 21.0% | 17.0% | 22.7% | |
Lumbar spinal injections | 6.5% | 11.1% | 5.7% | 8.7% | 14.6% | 11.7% | 13.8% | |
Lumbar spine surgery | 1.4% | 2.5% | 1.2% | 1.9% | 3.2% | 2.6% | 3.0% | |
Opioid medication use | 62.9% | 64.0% | 62.7% | 59.7% | 70.3% | 65.2% | 66.0% | |
Costs incurred over the 24 month period (mean, standard error) | ||||||||
Prescription medications | $1158.15 (4.45) | $768.26 (9.19) | $1,234.44 (5.01) | $772.20 (13.00) | $762.74 (12.44) | $886.27 (19.82) | $1233.90 (19.86) | |
Inpatient costs | $10,958.82 (61.51) | $11,816.72 (156.74) | $10,780.45 (66.76) | $11,089.39 (196.72) | $12,840.89 (255.97) | $11,639.95 (300.06) | $11,292.57 (249.15) | |
Total LBP costs | $1,217.80 (4.02) | $2,318.88 (14.24) | $1,003.56 (3.86) | $1,828.24 (15.28) | $3,030.53 (26.64) | $2,426.88 (30.04) | $2,733.57 (26.92) | |
Non‐LBP healthcare costs | $8,281.37 (17.36) | $9,099.91 (45.24) | $8,122.11 (18.77) | $8,687.25 (59.52) | $9,698.47 (69.46) | $9,285.09 (89.76) | $9,157.06 (74.71) | |