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Table 4 SF-36 scale scores according to smoking status for diabetic subjects. Figures are mean difference (95% confidence interval) score compared with subjects who never smokeda,b.

From: Cigarette smoking, health status, socio-economic status and access to health care in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey

SF-36 scale

Current smoker

Ex-smoker

Physical functioning

-5.6 (-10.0 to -1.2)

-4.0 (-7.6 to -0.3)

Physical role limitation

-9.7 (-16.1 to -3.3)

-3.9 (-9.2 to 1.5)

Mental health

-6.3 (-9.3 to -3.2)

-1.1 (-3.6 to 1.5)

Vitality

-5.7 (-9.2 to -2.2)

-1.4 (-4.3 to 1.5)

Emotional role limitation

-8.9 (-15.5 to -2.4)

-1.6 (-7.1 to 3.9)

Social functioning

-5.1 (-9.6 to -0.5)

-2.2 (-6.0 to 1.6)

Pain

-2.8 (-7.2 to 1.6)

-2.8 (-6.5 to 0.9)

General health

-6.1 (-9.7 to -2.5)

-2.6 (-5.6 to 0.4)

  1. a analyses were adjusted for age, sex ethnic group, whether first language was English, social class, education, car ownership, housing tenure, duration of diabetes and type of diabetes. banalyses were based on 1415 cases with complete data for all SF-36 scales.