The association between nurse staffing and hospital outcomes in injured patients

Table 5 Odds ratios estimating the association between nurse staffing on patient mortality, healthcare associated infections, and failure to rescue

	Unadjusted OR^c(95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted^d(95% CI)	P Value
Mortality
RN staffing ^{a e}	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.12	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.12
LPN staffing ^{a e}	0.91 (0.81, 1.02)	0.12	1.15 (1.05, 1.25)	0.002
Nurses' Aide staffing ^{a e}	0.99 (0.97, 1.02)	0.60	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	0.42
% Ratio of LPN to Total Nursing^b	0.98 (0.95, 1.01)	0.21	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	0.001
Total Nursing Time^b	0.95 (0.90, 1.00)	0.034	0.99 (0.95, 1.03)	0.49
Hospital-Associated Infection
RN staffing	1.01 (0.98, 1.03)	0.55	1.02 (0.99, 1.04)	0.14
LPN staffing	0.96 (0.83, 1.10)	0.54	1.15 (0.998, 1.33)	0.053
Nurses' Aide staffing	0.96 (0.93, 0.99)	0.021	0.97 (0.93, 1.01)	0.091
% Ratio of LPN to Total Nursing	0.99 (0.95,1.02)	0.45	1.03 (1.00, 1.07)	0.08
Total Nursing Time	1.02 (0.93, 1.12)	0.66	1.08 (0.99, 1.18)	0.07
Failure-to-Rescue
RN staffing	0.99 (0.96, 1.01)	0.35	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)	0.45
LPN staffing	0.90 (0.74, 1.10)	0.30	1.19 (0.94, 1.52)	0.16
Nurses' Aide staffing	1.02 (0.96, 1.08)	0.57	0.99 (0.93, 1.06)	0.74
% Ratio of LPN to Total Nursing	0.98 (0.94,1.03)	0.54	1.04 (0.98, 1.10)	0.18
Total Nursing Time^b	0.94 (0.85, 1.04)	0.26	1.05 (0.95, 1.17)	0.32

^a results based on model which included RN staffing and LPN staffing as measures of nurse staffing.
^b results based on model which included staffing ratio and total nurse staffing as measures of nurse staffing.
^c In the unadjusted analyses, only the nurse staffing measures were included in the regression models.
^d adjusted for patient demographics, injury severity, mechanism of injury, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics (teaching status, trauma center status, hospital ownership, hospital bed size, technology, geographic region).
^e staffing is in 15-minute increments per patient day (0.25 HPPD).

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