Total (n = 2,802) | Case group (n = 943) | Control group (n = 1,868) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Basic characteristics | ||||
Age a, mean ± SD | 65.8 ± 15.1 | 65.8 ± 15.1 | 65.8 ± 15.04 | N.A. |
Gender b, n (%) | N.A. | |||
Female | 912(32.5) | 304(32.5) | 608(32.5) | |
Male | 1,890(67.5) | 630(67. 5) | 1,260(67. 5) | |
Diagnosis at hospitalization b, n (%) | N.A. | |||
Traumatic brain injury | 627(22.4) | 209(22.4) | 418(22.4) | |
Acute hemorrhagic stroke | 1,215(43.4) | 405(43.4) | 810(43.4) | |
Acute ischemic stroke | 960(34.2) | 320(34.2) | 640(34.2) | |
Hospital size b, n (%) | N.A. | |||
Medical center | 1,284(45.8) | 428(45.8) | 856(45.8) | |
Regional hospital | 1,302(46.5) | 434(46.5) | 868(46.5) | |
District hospital | 216(7.7) | 72(7.7) | 144(7.7) | |
Chronic respiratory disease history b, n (%) | 0.751 | |||
No | 2,159(77.1) | 723(77.4) | 1,436(76.9) | |
Yes | 643(22.9) | 211(22.6) | 432(23.1) | |
Ventilation days a, mean ± SD | 13.8 ± 10.2 | 16.1 ± 10.5 | 12.7 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
Number of Elixhauser comorbidities a, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 0.841 |
Utilizations during the index hospitalization | ||||
Hospitalization expenses a, mean ± SD | 12,883 ± 9,016 | 14,063 ± 8,999 | 12,294 ± 8,969 | <0.001 |
Hospitalization days a, mean ± SD | 42.4 ± 32.7 | 45.6 ± 33.2 | 40.8 ± 32.34 | <0.001 |
ICU days a, mean ± SD | 17.7 ± 12.3 | 20.8 ± 12.9 | 16.2 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
Utilizations during the follow-up period | ||||
Hospitalization expenses a, mean ± SD | 16,050 ± 23,000 | 17,840 ± 23,354 | 15,156 ± 22,774 | 0.004 |
Outpatient expenses a, mean ± SD | 3,274 ± 4,663 | 3,120 ± 4,863 | 3,350 ± 4,559 | 0.218 |
Total medical expenses a, mean ± SD | 19,324 ± 22,694 | 20,960 ± 23,114 | 18,507 ± 22,442 | 0.007 |
Number of ER visits a, mean ± SD | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 1.7 ± 2.6 | 0.509 |
Number of readmissions a, mean ± SD | 4.2 ± 4.5 | 4.6 ± 4.6 | 4.0 ± 4.5 | 0.003 |
Hospitalization days a, mean ± SD | 111.1 ± 170.7 | 123.6 ± 174.3 | 104.8 ± 168.6 | 0.006 |
ICU days a, mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 11.0 | 4.7 ± 11.9 | 3.6 ± 10.5 | 0.007 |